📌 Kinetic Theory of Matter – At a Glance
Meaning:
The kinetic theory of matter states that all matter is made up of tiny particles which are in constant random motion.
🔍 Main Ideas
- Matter is made up of tiny particles.
- These particles are always moving.
- There are spaces between the particles.
- There are forces of attraction between particles.
- Particles possess kinetic energy.
📊 Particles in Different States of Matter
| State | Arrangement | Movement |
|---|---|---|
| Solid | Closely packed | Vibrate in fixed positions |
| Liquid | Close but not fixed | Slide past one another |
| Gas | Far apart | Move freely and rapidly |
🔥 Effect of Heating
- Particles gain more kinetic energy.
- They move faster.
- The substance expands.
🧪 Evidence that Particles Are in Motion
- Diffusion
- Brownian motion
- Osmosis
- Evaporation
- Expansion on heating
🎯 Gas Pressure
Gas pressure is caused by continuous collision of gas particles with the walls of the container.
📝 Important Tip
Increase in temperature → increase in kinetic energy → particles move faster.
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